![]() ![]() This condition represents a category of patients at a higher risk for developing overt hypertension. In adolescents beginning at age 12 years, prehypertension is defined as blood pressure (BP) between 120/80 mm Hg and the 95th percentile. The same report also established the definition of pediatric prehypertension (PPH), ie, average SBP or DBP that is ≥90th percentile but <95th percentile. ![]() According to the fourth report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents released by The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents in 2004, 1 pediatric hypertension (PH) is defined as average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex and height on three or more occasions. Since hypertension-associated cardiovascular events usually do not occur in childhood, the definition of hypertension in children is statistical rather than functional. Keywords: endothelin-1, serotonin, nitric oxide, pediatric arterial hypertension, biomarkers, pre-hypertension, monoamines, endothelial dysfunction Furthermore, they could help to better define prehypertensive and hypertensive children. Platelet 5-HT levels were lower in prehypertensive and hypertensive children compared with controls, while serum NO levels were higher in prehypertensive children than in hypertensive children.Ĭonclusion: Measurable ET-1, NO and 5-HT are related to BP in adolescents and may serve as diagnostic biomarkers of EAH. Results: Plasma ET-1 and serum 5-HT concentrations in prehypertensive and hypertensive children were higher than in controls, with hypertensive adolescents showing higher levels of both factors compared with prehypertensive adolescents. Predictor variables identified were plasma ET-1, serum NO and 5-HT levels and were evaluated in serum and platelets of case and control groups. Methods: Outpatient adolescents, examined at Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, were recruited between 26th of May and 25th of September 2016. Consequently, we want to evaluate ET-1, NO and 5-HT levels as preclinical biomarkers of EAH. The aim of the present manuscript is to establish the association between plasma ET-1, serum NO and 5-HT, platelet 5-HT levels and BP in male adolescents, analyzing their concentrations in controls, prehypertensive and hypertensive children. The relationship between the factors and high blood pressure (BP) has been established mainly in preclinical studies and in the adult age. Imbalance of key vasoactive factors – namely nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) – is observed, and serotonin (5-HT) release is also impaired. The endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of EAH. Gulfiia Nagimovna Aflyatumova, 1 Razina Ramazanovna Nigmatullina, 2 Dinara Ilgizarovna Sadykova, 3 Mariia Dmitrievna Chibireva, 4 Francesco Fugetto, 5 Raffaele Serra 6,7ġDepartment of Pediatrics, Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation 2Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation 3Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation 4Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 5Department of Vascular Surgery, Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters: University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy 6Department of Vascular Surgery, Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters: University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy 7Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italyīackground: Essential arterial hypertension (EAH) in adolescents represents a social burden. ![]()
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